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在Vue3和FastAPI的应用中，token刷新机制通常涉及以下几个步骤：

1. 登录过程：用户登录时，后端FastAPI验证用户信息，验证通过后生成一个访问令牌（access token）和一个刷新令牌（refresh token）。访问令牌通常有一个较短的过期时间，而刷新令牌则有一个较长的过期时间。
2. 访问资源：前端Vue3在每次请求后端资源时，需要在请求头中携带访问令牌。
3. 令牌过期：当访问令牌过期时，后端FastAPI返回一个提示令牌过期的响应。
4. 刷新令牌：前端Vue3收到令牌过期的响应后，使用刷新令牌向后端发送请求，请求新的访问令牌。
5. 返回新令牌：后端FastAPI验证刷新令牌，如果有效，则生成新的访问令牌返回给前端。
6. 使用新令牌：前端Vue3收到新的访问令牌后，使用该令牌继续访问资源。
   下面是一个简化的示例代码：

后端FastAPI

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Depends
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from pydantic import BaseModel
import jwt
import datetimeapp = FastAPI()# 伪代码：用户数据库和验证逻辑
users_db = {"user1": {"password": "pass1"}}# 伪代码：密钥和算法
SECRET_KEY = "your_secret_key"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"# 伪代码：访问令牌和刷新令牌的有效期
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 15
REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 60 * 24 * 7class Token(BaseModel):access_token: strrefresh_token: strdef authenticate_user(username: str, password: str):user = users_db.get(username)if not user or user["password"] != password:return Falsereturn userdef create_access_token(data: dict):to_encode = data.copy()expire = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)to_encode.update({"exp": expire})encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)return encoded_jwtdef create_refresh_token(data: dict):to_encode = data.copy()expire = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)to_encode.update({"exp": expire})encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)return encoded_jwt@app.post("/token", response_model=Token)
async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):user = authenticate_user(form_data.username, form_data.password)if not user:raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password")access_token = create_access_token(data={"sub": form_data.username})refresh_token = create_refresh_token(data={"sub": form_data.username})return {"access_token": access_token, "refresh_token": refresh_token}@app.get("/refresh_token")
async def refresh_token(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):try:payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])username = payload.get("sub")if username is None:raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid token")new_access_token = create_access_token(data={"sub": username})return {"access_token": new_access_token}except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Token expired")except jwt.InvalidTokenError:raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid token")

前端Vue3

// 伪代码：Vue3请求刷新令牌
function refreshToken() {const refreshToken = localStorage.getItem('refresh_token');if (!refreshToken) {// 处理没有刷新令牌的情况return;}axios.post('/refresh_token', { refresh_token: refreshToken }).then(response => {localStorage.setItem('access_token', response.data.access_token);}).catch(error => {// 处理刷新令牌失败的情况});
}// 伪代码：Vue3请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {const accessToken = localStorage.getItem('access_token');if (accessToken) {config.headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${accessToken}`;}return config;
}, error => {return Promise.reject(error);
});// 伪代码：Vue3响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(response => {return response;
}, error => {const originalRequest = error.config;